Dada is not unified by any single style and is an attack against  preconcieved notions, meant to challange the identification of art. This movement develops during the first world war and this is very significant in the development in Dada. The war crumbles the idea of civilized modernity, society, economics, and politics are all transformed as women enter the workforce. War is not an honorable and unifying thing in all cases, they begin to question technology for its responsibility in destroying human bodies and the scientific exploration that followed that began creating rudimentary prosthetics. Even though Duchamp vowed to give up painting he refuses to give up his interest in art he begins finding these objects called ready mades. The term ready made refers to any kind of prefabricated object that is isolated from its original context and elevated to the status of art. He is asking us how we define art and what we want from art, he is exploring the parameters that we have given to art, art is a cultural construction. He is questioning the role of an artist. Duchamp created Fountain as an assisted ready made in 1920. This is his most famous readymade, it was exhibited in 1916 in the 291 gallery a photographers gallery in new York. The show stated that all works would be accepted due to it being a nonjuried show. He submitted this work under the name, Richard Mutt, and after much debate, the board memebers hide it from veiw disregarding their previous statement. After that decision Duchamp resigned from the board. They found this work to be disgusting, not art. Dada was breaking away from orderly and perfectly placed items, allowing the viewer to be impulsive (Tzara).  Regardless of whether or not he made this with his own hands he chose it and creates a new thought for this item. Shifting art from being a physical craft to a mental interpretation.

The goal of the Bauhaus was to create a union between art and life that had been lost in Avant Garde art. This is the most successful Avant Garde movement in Germany and is sponsered by the government. Founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius, following the war and preceeding the Nazi Party, their two main interest were architecture and design. There was a rise in the middle class due to the florishing economic situation. during this time art flourishes and was geared towards this middle class. Gropius was taked with integreating traditional fine art with low art, such as arts and crafts, while remaining commited to functionalism. Their goal was to improve the workers enviroments will increase productivity by increasing the aethestic appeal of everyday objects. The Bauhaus reflected the unity of all arts wanting a utopian craft of a singlular expressive creation. Breuer was creating practical and functional art, made to suit the middle class when he created the Wassily Club Chair named after Wassily Kandinsky. This is one of the earliest examples made in the metal workshop, it is meant to be practical and functional in everyday life. This goal is achieved through reducing the chair to its most necessary elemants. Breuer said that the design was inspired by a bicycle in the sense that it is light weight and an easily mass produced product. All inessential details are subordinated to a great, simple representational form that finally, when its definitive shape has been found, must constitute the symbolic expression of the inner meaning of the modern artifact (Gropius). It is an important break through for The Bauhaus, it is light, cheap, and easy to make. There are a lot of different chair designs all lacking ornamentation with an affordable, streamlined function. Making it perfect for those of the middle class.

Surrealism is similar that of  dada sculpture, in that many of these are readymade. The purpose is to resolve the contradictory conditions of dream and fiction into absolute reality. the notion of the fetish comes into play, by dealing with objects that you can touch and feel. These artist are interested in the anti retinal and the accidental, bringing together unrelated elements in an unrelated space. Arp created Head with Three disagreeable objects as a biomorphic abstraction, which is anything rooted in the organic. We have to readjust our vision to think about this as an art object. It is not displayed on a pedestal perhaps it sits on the floor. The larger rock is actually a plaster object with three smaller objects sitting on top, that can be rearranged and are meant to be rearranged. Arp described this work in a story of waking up with these three annoying objects, a mustache, a mandolin, and a fly, on his face. There is a notion of physical reengagement, where the viewer is meant to finish the work. He is evoking a different kind of sensory perception, the hand rather than the eye. The point of this is the interaction. a level of chance, in an ideal world every viewer can interact and relate to these objects differently.