The dealer critic system is established causing the avant garde to become very popular. the dealer critic system still governs our art system today. the dealer needs money and space, they also need someone to bring hype to certain works or artist, this is where the critic comes in, they help the dealer to know what to chose to buy and sell. and this replaces the salon system, it presents a problem because it all determined by a circuit that depends on generating a profit and art is now a business. 

Surrealism and photography are a very appropriate pair, the less doctored and the more naive a photograph is, the more authoritative it will be. The idea of chance is very important and they welcome the uninvited and the disorderly. Man Ray’s Minotaur is actually made up of the torso of a nude woman’s body. The minotaur in greek mythology is kept imprisoned in a labyrinth on the island of crete, cretan youth were sacrificed to it. The minotaur and his labyrinth were another potent symbol for the surrealist due to the minotaur collapsing the human and animal instincts. symbols of the unconscious mind and also the bestial nature or those instincts within every human. They want to liberate suppressed repressed instincts. it is familiar but is made to be unfamiliar, we see this other imagery in it, dual imagery, makes you doubt what you are looking at. The figure of the woman is also very important to the surrealist she is a well spring or muse of creativity because she herself is irrational and emotional. She symbolizes the unconscious and irrational as well. Her body is creating the head of a monster with her nipples as the eyes and her arms its horns, beauty and monstrosity are made into one, suggesting they are projections of our own desires.    

Duchamp created Fountain as an assisted ready made in 1920. This is his most famous readymade, it was exhibited in 1916 in the 291 gallery a photographers gallery in new York. The show stated that all works would be accepted due to it being a nonjuried show. He submitted this work under the name, Richard Mutt, and after much debate, the board memebers hide it from veiw disregarding their previous statement. After that decision Duchamp resigned from the board. They found this work to be disgusting, not art. Dada was breaking away from orderly and perfectly placed items, allowing the viewer to be impulsive (Tzara).  Regardless of whether or not he made this with his own hands he chose it and creates a new thought for this item. Shifting art from being a physical craft to a mental interpretation. 

Picasso Guernica is the most famous response to the bombing of Guernica. At the time Picasso was living in Paris when he was approached to do a mural for the Paris Exhibition of 1937. The artist in this movement  weren’t necessarily political but when events happen at such an extreme it isn’t escapable. The official theme of the Paris exhibition was the celebration of technology, the organizers hoped that this would bring a vision of a bright future to break the nations out of their depression and social unrest, of course this is the very same technology that can cause results such as Guernica, providing a biting satyr just in its placement in this exhibition. The overall scene is suggestive of an interior room that seems to be crumbling down around the figures, allowing for peeks onto the outside world. On the left there is a wide eyed bull standing above a woman holding a dead child in her arms, in the center there is a horse that is falling in agony. Notice that the tongues of the horse and the bull are these knife like blades and the cubist fracturing seems to very much work for a scene of such destruction and anarchy. There is a large gapping wound in the horse’s side that seems to be the focus of the painting as it is falling in agony. There are supposedly two hidden images, skulls overlaying the horses body and a bull appears to gore the bull from underneath. Basically it is a scene of horror and terror. On the right there is a figure sweeping in holding a lantern, possibly a symbol of hope, bearing witness to this tragedy. She is a figure of ourselves, because if we witness this and remember it we still have hope. The limited palate was influenced by the numerous photographs taken after the bombing. The painting itself was kept away and put in a corner at the exhibition, following the exhibition it toured around the world, the only place it didn’t go was Spain. Picasso didn’t want it to return there until the entire country could enjoy public liberties and democratic institutions.